Review of Catha edulis in Kenya: Varieties, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract

Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. (Celestaracea family), commonly referred to as “khat’’, is a plant native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant is consumed for its stimulant effects and has thus gained great commercial importance both locally and internationally.  In Kenya, there are two main varieties of Catha edulis; miraa and muguka. Although muguka is relatively cheaper than miraa, it is the most potent variety. Consumption of Catha edulis is associated with several detrimental health effects. Although the consumption of khat is Kenya is not prohibited, the active constituent, cathinone, is a controlled drug due to potential of abuse and addiction. The debate around controlling the sale of miraa and muguka in Kenya continues with the recent ban on supply of muguka in Mombasa and Kilifi counties in 2024 which sparked mixed reactions from various stakeholders. This review focuses on varieties, phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects of Catha edulis in Kenya.